Mixer or carbureter for internal-combustion engines.



0. P. D'AV IES. MIXER OR CARBURETER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY25.1912.

Patented May 1,1917.

' form a mixing leading to the engme cylm DAVID 1. DAVIES, 0F. MGINE,

WISCONSW, ASSKGNOR T0 J. 1. CASE 'THRESEKHG MACHINE COMPANY, OF EACINE,WISCONSIN, A CQR?0RATI@N.

MIXER 0R CARBUEETER FOR INTEENAL-COMBUS'EIQN ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Yatent.

Patented May 11, teat.

Application filed ma as, me. Serial in. 699,761.

To all whom it may camera:

Be it known that 1, DAVID P. DAVIES, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Racine, county of Racine, and State of Wisconsin, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Mixers or Carburetorsfor Internal-Combustion or Explosive Engines, of which thefollowing is afull, clear, and exact description.

The inventibn relates to mixers or carbureters for roviding explosivemixture to internal com ustion engines. The improvement seeks to providea simple and effective construction which can be used with gasolens orwith lower grade fuels, such as kerosene, naphtha and the like, or inwhich gasolene can be employed for starting the engine, and the lowergrade fuel, such as kerosene, for running the engine under load.

The improvement also seeks to provide means for supplying water to theexplosive mixture, the amount being automatically varied in accordancewith the speed of the engine or the-load thereon.

The invention consists in the features of improvement hereinafter setforth, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and more particularlypointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, view of the preferred Figure 1 is a sectional form ofthe improved carbureter 0r mixer. Fig. 2 is a detail section on the line22 of Fi 1. Fig. 3 is a section illustrating a modi ed form of thesupplemental air inlet valve and the water pp y- The improved mixer orcarburetor comprises a body portion 1 which is hollow to chamber 2. Thebody portion 1 is mounted upon a casting 3 which forms part of thesupply pipe or manifold der or cylinders.

bottom of the mixing chamber communicates with the supply pipe ormanifold 3.

At one side the vided with a main A discharge P011141: in the mixingchamber is proinlet port 5 which communicates with a downturned elbow 6secured to the body portion 1. The air supplied'through the elbow orpipe 6 is preferably heated by the exhaust of the engme in any suitableor desired manner. To regulate the flow of air through the pipe or elbow6, the downwardly extending portion thereof is provided with a throttleor but- 'nozzle or sleeve 13.

-of the elbow6 by bolts 17 terfiy valve 7 mounted upon a cross shaft 8.At its outer end, the shaft is provided with a handle 9 by which itmaybe manually ad- ]usted. The handle 9 is preferably somewhat resilientand is provided with. an oil'- set 10 at its outer end arranged toengage any one of a series of holes 11 in a segment 12 secured to theside ofthe elbow or inlet ipe 6, and thereby hold the valve 7 ustedposition.

The main air inlet port 5 between the upper end of the part 6 and themixing chamber 2 is preferably provided with a contracted, nozzle-likesleeve 13 arranged within the upper portion of the part 6 adacent themixing chamber. A fuel supply pipe 1 1 projects laterally through theupper portion of the elbow 6 and into the nozzlelike or contracted airinlet port of the mixing chamber. The inner end portion of the pipe 14is preferably upturned, as shown, and is provided with a horizontal endface adjacent the upper wall of the The pipe 14 is fixed at its outerend to a boss 15 on the rear wall of a small fuel supply vessel 16. Thisvessel is secured to the upper outer portion and the boss 15 thereonprojects through an opening into the upper part of the elbow 6.

In the form shown, the supply vessel 16 is divided by a transversepartition 18 into two compartments, one for gasolene and the other for alower grade fuel, such as kerosene, naphtha, distillate or the like.These compartments are'each provided with an inlet pipe 21 opening intoits lower portion and with an overflow pipe 22 which communicates with api e 23 leading back to the main supply tan During the operation of theengine, kerosene or gasolene, are pumped from the main supply tanksthrough the supply pipes 21 into the compartments. The liquid fuel ismaintained at a constant level in these compartments, since any excesstherein will flow back to the main supply tanks, through the pipes 22and 22'. The partition 18 is enlarged. at its lower end to form thecasing 19 of a threeway valve 20. This three-way valve is preferably aconical plug valve and is held in position by a spring 23 coiled aboutthe inner reduced end portion 24 of the valve and arranged between awasher 25 and a washer 26. The washer 25 is connected to in adthereduced portion 24 b a pin 25' and the washer'26 engages a s oulder 27on the valve casing 19. The outer reduced end or stem portion 28 of thevalve is provided with a handle 29. The valve is provided with ports 30arranged at right angles and adapted to communicate with twodiametrically opposite ports 31 which lead from the compartments. Avertical bore 32 leads upwardly from the valve through the partition 18and'intersects a horizontal bore 33 extending through the partition andcommunicating with the fuel supply pipe 14. The outer end of thehorizontal bore 33 is closed b a plug 34. A needle valve 35 is threadeinto the upper enlarged end of the vertical bore 30 and. is arranged tobe I shifted to and from a seat at the intersection of the horizontaland vertical bores 32'and 33 and control the flow of fuel therethrough.

The upper end of the needle valve is provided with a toothed adjustingwheel 36 which is arranged to be engaged by a spring catch 37 fixed tothe Wall of the vessel 16, so that the needle valve can be held in adjusted position. By shifting the three-way valve 20 either one of thecompartments in the vessel 16 can be connected to the pipe 14 to therebysupply either gasolene or kerosene to the mixer. Stops 38 arepreferablyprovided on the face of the vessel 16 and cooperate with astop lug 39 on the handle 29 to limit the movement of the three-wayvalve. p

The flow of mixture from the carbureter to the en e cylinder iscontrolled by a throttling utterfly valve 40 which is preferably mountedupon a cross shaft within the discharge port 4 at the lower portion ofthe mixing chamber 2. This valve is mounted upon a cross-shaft 41 and,if desired, its position may be regulated b hand. Preferably an arm 42on the sha t 41 is connected by a rod 43 to a centrifugal or likegovernor driven from the engine, so that the throttle valve is shiftedto control the engine speed under a varying load.

The upper portion of the mixing chamber closed by a cap piece comprisingupper lower plates 44 and 45 which are provided with central openingsand which are connected, adjacent the central openings therein byvertical portions 46. The opening 47 1n the lower plate 45 forms asupplemental air inlet port at the upper part of the mixing chamber 2and air is supplied 'to this port through the openings between theuprights 46. Preferably, these openings are covered by an annular screen48 extending between the outer edge portions of the plates 44 and 45 toguard against the entranceof dust and dirt.

The supplemental air inlet port 47 is controlled by a disk valve 49mounted on the lower end of a stem 50 and having a layer stem 50.-isguided by a spider 52 which ex-' tends between the upright parts 46 andthe upper end of the stem is guided in a. sleeve 53,, which is. carriedby a threaded tubular part 54 on the upper end of a head piece 55. Thelatter is provided with a flange 56 which extends over and is secured tothe plate 44.

' A spring 57 coiled about the tubular part 54 extends between anadjustable, flanged nut 58 on the upper end of the valve stem 50 and anadjusting flanged nut 59 threaded on the tubular part 54. By adjustingthe nuts 58 and 59, the tension on the spring 57, which holds the valve49 to its seat, can be varied as desired. Preferably, a lock nut 60 isarranged to hold the adjusting nut 59 in position.

A water inlet pipe 61 communicates with a bore 62 formed in the part 55and with a Water inletport 63 which opens throu h a beveled valve seat64 on the lower face 0 the part 55. A valve 65 is slidably mounted uponthe valve stem 50 and is held in engagement with the valve seat 64 by aspring 66 coiled about the valve stem and extending between the valve 65and the spider 52. The water inlet port 63 is controlled by a needlevalve 67 which is threaded through a stufiing box 68. An adjusting wheel69 on the outer end of the needle valve is preferably provided withteeth and is arranged to be engaged by a spring catch 70 to thereby holdthe needle valve in adjusted position.

The part of the casting 55 above the valve seat 64 is hollowed out andprovided with openings in its sides. A nut 71 within this portion isadjustably threaded upon the valve stem 50 and when the valve 49 andstem 50 have opened to a certain extent, the nut 71 engages and shiftsthe valve 65 to thereby open the water inlet port 63.

In operation, 'the engine is preferably started with gasolene and,afterthe workmg parts are heated up, is then operated with kerosene orthe like. The mlxer or carbureteris connected to the inlet of the abovethe level of the liquid in the compart ments of the vessel 16, so thatthe liquid fuel is drawn into the mixing chamber by the injector-likeaction of the air passing through the inlet port 5. With anelbow shapedinlet pipe it is found that more air passes through the upper portion ofthe inlet port employed, it is desirable to admix a certain amount ofwater with the charge when the engine is running under moderate or heavyloads. Otherwise with lower grade of fuels, the charge cannot be highlycompressed without causing pie-ignition thereof. It is also desirablethat the amount of water shall be automatically varied in accordancewith the load upon the engine. In the present construction, thesupplemental air inlet valve 49 is'held light 7 to its seat by thespring 57 and it is automatically opened by the suction within themixing chamber and the engine supply p pe 3. Under light loads, thesupplemental air inlet valve will be opened to a slight extent, but willnot move far enough to open the valve 65. Under moderate or heavy loads,the adjustable nut or abutment 71on the ,valve stem 50 will engage. thevalve and open the water port 68, so that the Water is injected into themixing chamber through the supplementalair inlet #17. The throttle valvea0 interposed betwen the mixing chamher and the engine cylinders may behand controlled, if desired, in accordance with the varying load uponthe engine, butis preferably governor controlled, so that the amount ofsuction developed within the mixing chamber and the extent to which thevalve 49 is opened is dependent upon the load. The amount of air andalso, what is more important, the amount of water admixed with thecharge is thus automatically controlled in accordance with the load uponthe engine. The abutment 71 may be adjusted on the valve stem 50, sothat the water valve will be open, as required by the differentconditions under which the engine is operated.

The water is supplied to the pipe 61 under slight pressure, andpreferably by the pump which circulates the cooling water through thejacket of the engine cylinder. passes through the port 63 it strikesupon the beveled face of the valve 65 and isefiectively atomized.

In the modified form shown in Fig. 3, the part 55 is mounted directlyupon the upper end of the body portion 1 and the water inlet port 63opens through the beveled seat 72 of the supplemental air inlet valve 49which is shaped to fit the beveled seat. This construction may beadvantageously employed to supply water to the mixture, in ac 'cordancewith the load upon the engine, but whenever the supplemental air inletvalve 65 49 is opened to furnish additional air to As it.

the mixture, the water port 63 is also opened, and, preferably, andwater ports are controlled by separate valves, as shown in theconstruction in Fig. 1, so that admit some additional air under lightloads and only admit water under moderate or heavy loads. Under lightloads, the, admission of water decreases the efliciency of the enginesomewhat, but under heavy loads,

is highly desirable, as stated, in order toprevent ,the pre-ignition ofthe charge when highly compressed in the engine cylinders. The fuelsupply vessel 16 is preferably-provided with a cover 7 igwhich closesthe upper ends of the compartments therein. In the form shown in Fig. 3,the bore 62 is provided with a test cock 74.

It is obvious that numerous changes may be made in the details set forthwithout departure from the essentials of the invention as defined in theclaims.

I claim as my invention a 1. A mixer or carbureter for explosive enginescomprising a mixing chamber having a discharge port and having main andsupplemental air inlets provided with ports opening directly into saidmixing chamber, a fuel supply pipe opening, into said main air inlet, awater supply having a port adjacent said supplemental air inlet port, aspring-held, automatically operating valve arranged to control saidsupplemental air inlet portand chamber and thereby automaticallyregulate.

the extent of movement of said spring-held valveand the amount ofsupplemental air and of water admitted thereby to said mixing chamber inaccordance with the load on the engine, substantially as described.

2. A mixer or carburetor for explosive engines comprising a body portionha ling a mixing chamber with main and supplemen tal air-inlet portsopening through its side and upper portions respectively and a dischargeport at its lower portion, a fuel supply pipe opening into said inletport, a spring-held, downwardly-opening valve controlling saidsupplemental air-inlet port, a water-supply having a port adjacent saidsupplemental air-inlet, a valve controlling said wawr-supply port, andmeans connected to said supplemental air-inlet valve for opening saidwater-supply valve after a predetermined movement of said air valve,substantially as described.

3. A mixer or carbureter for explosive engines comprising a mixingchamber having main and supplemental air-inlet ports and a dischargeport, a fuel supply pipe opening into said main air-inlet port, aspringheld valve controlling said supplemental airinlet port, awater-supply having a port outthese valves may be set to thesupplemental air inletpipe extending through sa side ofsaidsupplementalair-inlet, a SPfingheld. valve normally closing said watersupply port, and a part adjustably connected to said su plementalair-inlet valve' ioropening s'ai water supply valve, substantially asdescribed.

4. A mixer or carbureter for explosive en- .air inlet, a water supplyhaving a port above said supplemental air-inlet, a spring-held,

valve normally closing said port, and apart for opening said watersupply valve adjustably connected to the stem of said supplementalair-inlet valve, substantially as described.

5. A mixer or carbureterfor explosive engines comprising a body portionhaving a mixing chamber withv main and 'supplemental air-inlet portsopening through its side and upper portions respectively and a;dischargeport at-its lower portion, a fuel supas described.

ply pipe opening into said inlet port, a spring-held, downwardly openingvalve controlling said supplemental air-inlet port,

a water supplypipe communicating wlth a port above said supplementalair-inlet, a spring-held valve on the stem of said airinlet valvenormally closi said Water-supply port, anabutment a d ustably threadedon said valve-stem for opening said watersupplly valve and a throttlevalve in the disc arge port from said mixing chamber.

6. A mixer orcarbureter for explosive engines comprising a mixingchamber having a contracted air-inlet port opening through its sidewall, an elbow communicating with said air inlet port, a fuel supplychamber, a pipe leading therefrom, extending horizontally through theupper' portion of said elbow, and'provided' with an upturned end withinsaid air inlet port and having a substantially horizontal end face,substantially Witnesses:

HARRY L; CLAPP, KATHARINE Gnnmom,

DAVID P. DAVIES;

